GCSE Physics Tutorial - Unit of Activity: The Becquerel (Bq)
In this tutorial, we will explore the unit of activity used to measure the rate of radioactive decay, known as the Becquerel (Bq). The Becquerel is an essential unit in nuclear physics, providing a standardised way to quantify the intensity of radiation emitted by a radioactive substance. Let's delve into the definition and significance of the Becquerel as the unit of activity.
Definition of Activity: Activity is a measure of the rate at which a radioactive substance undergoes decay. It represents the number of radioactive decays that occur per unit of time within a given radioactive source.
The Becquerel (Bq): The Becquerel, denoted by the symbol "Bq," is the SI unit of activity. One Becquerel is equal to one radioactive decay per second.
Relationship to Second: The unit "per second" in the definition of the Becquerel emphasises that activity is a rate measurement. It indicates that the number of radioactive decays is counted within a time interval of one second.
Named After Henri Becquerel: The Becquerel is named after Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who, in 1896, discovered radioactivity while working with uranium salts. His discovery laid the foundation for the study of radioactivity and the development of nuclear physics.
Alternative Units: In the past, activity was expressed using non-SI units such as the Curie (Ci) and the Rutherford (rd). However, the International System of Units (SI) introduced the Becquerel as the standard unit for activity to promote international uniformity in measurements.
Conversion Factors: To convert between the Becquerel and older non-SI units: a. 1 Becquerel (Bq) = 1 radioactive decay per second. b. 1 Curie (Ci) = 3.7 x 10^10 Bq. c. 1 Rutherford (rd) = 10^6 Bq.
Importance of the Becquerel: The Becquerel is a fundamental unit in nuclear physics and is widely used in various scientific and practical applications. It is essential in fields such as nuclear medicine, radiography, environmental monitoring, and industrial applications involving radioactive materials.
In this tutorial, we have learned that the unit of activity used to measure the rate of radioactive decay is the Becquerel (Bq). One Becquerel represents one radioactive decay per second. The Becquerel is an SI unit, providing a standardised and internationally recognised method to quantify the intensity of radiation emitted by a radioactive substance. Its introduction has led to greater uniformity in scientific measurements and has been instrumental in various fields, including nuclear medicine and radiography. Understanding the Becquerel is fundamental for anyone working with radioactive materials or studying nuclear physics.
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