GCSE Physics Tutorial - Required Practical 6: Investigate the Relationship of a Spring with Different Masses Attached

In this required practical, we will investigate the relationship between the extension of a spring and the force applied to it when different masses are attached. By carrying out this experiment, we can explore Hooke's law, which states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied to it, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.

Equipment Needed:

1. A spring

2. A retort stand with clamp

3. A set of masses (weights)

4. A ruler or meter stick

5. A marker or sticky labels

6. Stopwatch or timer

7. Vernier caliper (optional, for more accurate measurements)

Procedure:

1. Set up the retort stand with the clamp, ensuring that it is stable and secure.

2. Attach the spring to the clamp at one end and the other end to a hook or loop.

3. Measure the original length (L0) of the spring without any masses attached, and record this value.

4. Hang a known mass (e.g., 100g) to the hook or loop of the spring.

5. Allow the spring to settle without any further disturbance.

6. Measure the new length (L1) of the spring with the mass attached, and record this value.

7. Calculate the extension (ΔL) of the spring using the formula: ΔL = L1 - L0

8. Record the mass (m) used in the investigation.

9. Calculate the force (F) applied to the spring using the formula: F = m * g where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s^2).

10. Tabulate the data collected, including the mass (m), force (F), and extension (ΔL).

11. Repeat steps 4 to 10 for different masses, ensuring to vary the masses to cover a range of values.

12. Plot a graph with force (F) on the y-axis and extension (ΔL) on the x-axis.

13. Analyse the graph. If the relationship between force and extension is linear (i.e., a straight-line graph passing through the origin), it indicates that Hooke's law is applicable for the spring within the elastic limit.

Safety Precautions:

1. Ensure that the retort stand and clamp are stable to avoid accidents.

2. Handle masses carefully and do not drop them.

3. Keep fingers away from the spring while attaching masses.

Through this required practical, we have investigated the relationship between the extension of a spring and the force applied to it by adding different masses. By plotting the graph and analysing the data, we can determine whether the spring follows Hooke's law within its elastic limit. This experiment provides valuable insights into the behaviour of springs and helps reinforce the concept of direct proportionality between force and extension.

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